October 1, 2017 | Page 4 of 14 | Science Of Cycles News and Research

Low-Pitched, Rumbling Rocks Could Help Predict When Earthquakes Strike: Research Says

TEPIC, Mexico – Rocks under increasing pressure before earthquakes strike send out low-pitched rumbling sounds that the human ear cannot detect but could be used to predict when a tremor will strike, scientists said on Monday.

Researchers recreated powerful earthquake forces in a laboratory and used high-tech algorithms to pick out the acoustic clues amid all the other noise of a pending quake, according to findings published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal published by the American Geophysical Union.

The sounds are emitted typically a week before an earthquake occurs, so deciphering them would allow scientists to pinpoint the timing of a tremor, the research paper said.

Scientists currently can calculate the probability of an earthquake in a particular area but not when it will happen, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

“People have said you can’t predict earthquakes. People have tried. We’re now saying we believe for the first time we can predict an earthquake in a laboratory,” said Colin Humphreys, professor of materials science at Cambridge University and one of the paper’s authors.

“What happens before an earthquake is that rocks emit noise because one grain of rock is rubbing against another grain of rock…. It’s a little like a squeaky door,” Humphreys told the Thomson Reuters Foundation

“This noise is emitted typically one week before an earthquake happens,” he said. “You get one week’s warning so you get time to evacuate people and get many fewer deaths.”

The research simulating multiple earthquake scenarios using lab cabinets, steel blocks and pistons and machine-learning algorithms systems were conducted at New Mexico’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the world’s first nuclear bomb was designed and built.

The seismic signals generated in the simulations were analyzed by machine-learning systems that could identify the low rumblings that strengthen as tremors approach, Humphreys said.

The acoustic clues had previously been detected by scientists but rejected as random noise, he said.

The Los Alamos experiment will be applied to quake-prone areas such as the San Andreas fault in California, he said.

The next challenge is determining a quake’s magnitude in advance, Humphreys told the Foundation.

“There is hope that we can solve these problems, and this is a first step,” he said.

The sounds also could be used to warn of landslides or avalanches.

Strong 6.7 Earthquake Hits East Nusa Tenggara, No Tsunami Warning

A strong 6.7-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of East Nusa Tenggara on Tuesday, US seismologists said, but no tsunami warning was issued and there were no immediate reports of casualties or damage.

The quake hit East Nusa Tenggara about 318 kilometres kilometres northwest of the provincial capital Kupang at a depth of 549 kilometres, according to the US Geological Survey.

“We are collecting reports about potential damages but the earthquake was very deep, and there was tsunami potential,” a spokesman for Indonesia’s geophysics and meteorological agency told AFP.

Indonesia experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activity due to its position on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”, where tectonic plates collide.

An earthquake struck the country’s western Aceh province in December 2016, killing more than 100 people, injuring many more and leaving tens of thousands homeless.

Frozen Earth: The Planet Got Warm After Frequent Volcano Eruptions Melted The Last Ice Age

Fire melts ice, but so does ash: Dark particles settling onto white ice make the surface trap more heat, the same way wearing a black shirt on a sunny day is hotter than wearing a white shirt. And scientists have seen the connection play out in real time across Earth’s surface as volcanic eruptions have scattered ash on snow and made it melt faster. But for the first time, a team of researchers has pinpointed the phenomenon in the distant past, as they report in a new article published in the journal Nature Communications.

“The paper is the first to document that this phenomenon likely also occurred during the last deglaciation, and raises interesting questions regarding the role of volcanism on deglaciation,” James Baldini, an Earth scientist at Durham University in the U.K. not affiliated with the study wrote Newsweek in an email.

He notes that traditionally, scientists thinking about the impact of volcanoes on climate focus on tiny particles called aerosols, which are released during eruptions, form clouds that block sunlight and keep the Earth cooler. This paper, on the other hand, suggests that effect might have been balanced out by melting ice—leaving the planet no cooler than it was before.

The team used an unusual form of evidence: glacial varves, or the layers of dirt and mud deposited each year beneath a glacier. Just like the rings of new wood trees grow every year in a light-dark pattern, glaciers annually deposit first a wide lighter layer of sandier soil during the summer, then a narrower layer of darker clay during the winter. The thickness of each layer lets scientists calculate how much the glacier in question melted, since the more a glacier melts the more sediment it carries away.

Hurricane Season May Not Be Over Yet: Tropical Storm Philippe Could Form In Caribbean

The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season may not be over yet.

An area of showers and thunderstorms now spinning in the western Caribbean has a 50% chance of developing into Tropical Storm Philippe by the weekend, the National Hurricane Center said.

The disturbance is likely to drift across the northwestern Caribbean into Friday, then across the Florida Straits and part of South Florida on Saturday, according to AccuWeather meteorologist Dan Kottlowski.

On Sunday, it’s likely to take a path parallel to the Atlantic coast of the U.S., he added.

Heavy rain, strong winds and the risk of flash and urban flooding will race northward from the Carolinas to the mid-Atlantic and New England on Sunday.

Some computer models predict the system will reach tropical storm strength of 39 mph, but none expect it to become a hurricane, which occurs when winds reach 74 mph.

The western Caribbean is a hotspot for hurricane development in October, with notorious storms such as Wilma in 2005 and Mitch in 1998 forming there, University of Miami meteorologist Brian McNoldy told the Capital Weather Gang.

As the season begins to wind down, the warmest waters — 80 degrees and above — in the Atlantic Basin will recede to the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and far western Atlantic, the Weather Channel said.

Philippe would be the 16th named tropical storm or hurricane of the season, a catastrophic year that’s brought death and destruction from monsters such as Harvey, Irma and Maria.

A typical season, based on data from 1981-2010, has 12 named storms, according to Colorado State University.

Hurricane season officially ends Nov. 30. November is typically a quiet month, however, with only one hurricane forming every three years in the Atlantic.

New Magma Pathways Develop After Lateral Collapse

Giant lateral collapses are huge landslides occurring at the flanks of a volcano. Giant lateral collapses are rather common events during the evolution of a large volcanic edifice, often with dramatic consequences such as tsunami and volcano explosions. These catastrophic events interact with the magmatic activity of the volcano, as a new research in Nature Communications suggests.

Giant lateral collapses may change the style of volcanism and the chemistry of magma, and as a new study by GFZ scientists reveals, also affects and diverges the deep paths of magmas. New volcano centers may form at other places, which the scientists explain by studying the stress field changes associated with the lateral collapse.

In the study entitled “The effect of giant lateral collapses on magma pathways and the location of volcanism”, authored by F. Maccaferri, N. Richter and T. Walter, all working at GFZ, in section 2.1 (Physics of earthquakes and volcanoes), the propagation path of magmatic intrusions underneath a volcanic edifice has been simulated by means of a mathematical model. Computer simulations revealed that the mechanical effect on the earth crust resulting from a large lateral collapse, can promote the deflection of deep magmatic intrusions, favoring the formation of a new eruptive center within the collapse embayment. This result has been quantitatively validated against observations at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde.

A broader view to other regions reveals that this shift of volcanism associated with giant lateral collapses is rather common, as observed at several of the Canary Islands, Hawaii, Stromboli and elsewhere. This study may have implications particularly for our understanding of the long term evolution of intraplate volcanic ocean islands and sheds lights on the interacting processes occurring during growth and collapse of volcanic edifices.

A Solar Flare Recorded From Spain In 1886

Satellites have detected powerful solar flares in the last two months, but this phenomenon has been recorded for over a century. On 10 September 1886, at the age of just 17, a young amateur astronomer using a modest telescope observed from Madrid one of these sudden flashes in a sunspot. He wrote about what he saw, drew a picture of it, and published the data in a French scientific journal. This is what researchers from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and the Universidad de Extremadura have recently found.

“A huge, beautiful sunspot was formed from yesterday to today. It is elongated due to its proximity to the limb … by looking at it carefully I noticed an extraordinary phenomenon on her, on the penumbra to the west of the nucleus, and almost in contact with it, a very bright object was distinguishable producing a shadow clearly visible on the sunspot penumbra. This object had an almost circular shape, and a light beam came out from its eastern part that crossed the sunspot to the south of the nucleus, producing a shadow on the penumbra that was lost in the large mass of faculae surrounding the eastern extreme of the sunspot.”

In these words, Juan Valderrama y Aguilar, a 17-year-old amateur astronomer, described what he saw from Madrid on 10 September 1886 with his small telescope, with an aperture of just 6.6 cm and equipped with a neutral density filter to dim the solar light. The young man wrote down the details of his observations, made a drawing of the bright flash he had seen coming from the sunspot, and sent all the information to the French journal L’Astronomie, which did not hesitate to publish it.

“The case of Valderrama is very unique, as he was the only person in the world more than a century ago to observe a relatively rare phenomenon: a white-light solar flare. And until now no one had realised,” explains José Manuel Vaquero, a lecturer at the University of Extremadura and co-author of an article about the event, now being published in the journal Solar Physics, to Sinc.

A flare is a sudden increase in the brightness of a region of the sun’s atmosphere. It occurs in the outermost layers (chromosphere and corona) when the configuration of the magnetic field changes and releases energy, which can be detected in several bands of the electromagnetic spectrum as visible or ultraviolet light, although they are most commonly recorded in X-rays.

During the last two months, several of these powerful solar flares have been observed, some with associated coronal mass ejections that, in turn, can produce geomagnetic storms that perturb the communication systems in some regions of Earth, especially radio broadcasts and GPS systems.

“White-light flares correspond to the most extreme cases of this phenomenon, where so much energy is dumped into the chromosphere and corona that the energy propagates downward to the photosphere, heating it up, and producing the excess brightness that we observe in white light,” according to another of the authors, Jorge Sánchez Almeida, of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC).

Scientists studying solar flares employ special satellites and instruments that do not operate with visible light, but a white-light flare can be observed with ‘normal’ telescopes that use visible light, as Valderrama y Aguilar did in 1886. “It is extraordinary that in the Spain of the 19th century, a 17-year old kid would make such a scientific discovery, and it is even more impresive that he had the courage of submitting it for publication to a foreing scientific journal,” points out Sánchez Almeida.

“Furthermore, the white-light flare observed by Valderrama is, chronologically, the third one recorded in the history of solar physics,” adds Vaquero. The first solar flare was recorded by British astronomer Richard C. Carrington on 1 September 1859, and the second was described on 13 November 1872 by the Italian Pietro Angelo Secchi. The two flares were widely known in their day, as they sparked a debate on whether or not they could have an impact on Earth.

Much less is known about the life of Valderrama than about the other two pioneers in solar studies. However, Sánchez Almeida, along with fellow IAC researcher and study co-author Manuel Vázquez, will soon publish the biography of this man, who was born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, spent his adolescence in Madrid and returned to his birth city, where he was the director of the meteorological observatory of the city until his death.

ANNOUNCEMENT: List of Sequent Events Related to Full Solar Eclipse as Predicted by Mitch Battros

Having received several emails requesting my stated predictions and the events which did in fact occur, I am producing a list of articles, in sequence, which will tell the story. You will notice I did place a heavier emphasis on earthquakes and volcanoes which did in fact occur, however, it was the shifting winds and ocean currents resulting in Cat. 4 and 5 hurricanes which caused the most fatalities and damage.

My prediction told of significant earth changing events would occur as a result of the August 21 2017 Full Solar Eclipse. The prediction had a 21 day window; 14 days prior to the event, and 14 days after. The cause of events was the result of waves of charged particles, in this case sometimes called ‘gravitational waves’, smashing into Earth’s weakened magnetic field allowing them to penetrate the lower and upper atmosphere causing shifting winds.

The punch continued down to Earth’s ocean’s causing a shift in currents producing tropical storms and hurricanes. The particles further made their way into Earth’s mantle having an effect on plate tectonics resulting in earthquake and volcanic activity.

BREAKING NEWS ANNOUNCEMENT: Prepare For Significant Earth Changing Events Within Weeks – CLICK HERE

August 21st Full Solar Eclipse Geographical Areas of Concerns – CLICK HERE

Cosmic Ray Penetration More Prevalent Than Realized – CLICK HERE

Solar Corona Eclipse National Solar Observatory

NSO Predicts Shape of Solar Corona for August 2017 Eclipses – CLICK HERE

Ocean Circulation, Coupled With Trade Wind Changes, Efficiently Limits Shifting Of Tropical Rainfall Patterns – CLICK HERE

New Study Affirms Mantle Plumes Source of Heated Surfaces – CLICK HERE

IMPORTANT UPDATE: New Research Shows Quake-Causing Cracks on Pacific Sea Floors – CLICK HERE

Cosmic Ray Flux, Geo-Political Unrest, Wars, and Earth Changing Events – CLICK HERE

The Causal Effect Between Cosmic Rays – Geo-Physical and Bio-Psycho-Social Outcomes – CLICK HERE

Today Earth Changing Events Begins; Here Is What to Look For – CLICK HERE

Mexico’s Popocatepetl Volcano Erupts – CLICK HERE

Earth Changing Events and Civil Disturbance Has Begun- CLICK HERE

NOAA Hurricane Prediction Updated and Raised by “Doubles” – CLICK HERE

The Battle Between ‘Disclosure vs Omission’ – CLICK HERE

JUST IN: NASA Mission Explores ‘Cosmic Rain’ – CLICK HERE

Massive 8.2 Magnitude Quake Hits Off Coast of Southern Mexico – CLICK HERE

Large 7.1 Earthquake Hits Mexico – CLICK HERE

So there you have it. Would you say the prediction was accurate; or do you believe it was just a coincidence? Let me know what you think. If you believe in this research in-part or in-whole, please keep us going with your support. Cheers, Mitch

More To Come….